Katundu katundu ndi maubwino owononga

Mphamvu zabwino ndi mphamvu

Penya chitsulo ndi zinthu zolimba, ndipo mphamvu zake zimakhala zopatsa mphamvu zitha kukumana ndi Zofunikira zamapulogalamu ambiri mafakitale. Mwachitsanzo, m'mapaipi apamwamba kwambiri, yoponyedwa Mavavu achitsulo amatha kupirira zovuta zakufika kwa makumi osaphwanya. Mphamvuyi imalola Valavu kuti apitirize kusakhulupirika mwamphamvu panthawi ya umphumphu, monga madzi ambiri amadzi nyundo mu ma piipelines (kugwedezeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwamadzimadzi).
Nthawi yomweyo, yoponyedwa chitsulo chimakhalanso ndi mphamvu inayake, yomwe imatha kuyamwa mphamvu pokhudzidwa ndi mphamvu zakunja ndikupewa mwadzidzidzi brittle kufooka. Ichi ndi chitsimikizo chofunikira kwambiri cha ma valves oyikidwa m'malo omwe angakhale Kutengera mwangozi, monga machitidwe a Paipiline pafupi ndi malo omanga kapena madera omwe mafakitale Chida chosuntha.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mtengo

Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri kapena zida zapadera za zitsulo, mtengo waiwisi woponyedwa chitsulo wotsika kwambiri. Izi zimapereka pachipata chachitsulo chomveka bwino chowonekera mu mafakitale ambiri ntchito ndi ntchito zolimbitsa thupi. Mwachitsanzo, m'madzi am'madzi, ambiri Chiwerengero cha mavamu amafunikira kuti madzi aziyenda. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve achitsulo pachipata kumatha kuchepetsa mtengo wa polojekiti yonseyo poonetsetsa.

Kupanga kusinthasintha

Kupanga kuthekera kwa mawonekedwe ovuta

Njira yoponyera yoponyera chitsulo imatha kupanga zigawo zamiyala yosiyanasiyana. Ma valve a pachipata. njira yamkati, chipata, ndi mawonekedwe a valavu yonse imatha kupanga ndi ma geometies kudzera pakuwononga. Mwachitsanzo, kuti muchepetse mawonekedwe a madziwo, kutuluka Njira ya chipata cha pachipata imatha kuponyedwa pang'onopang'ono kapena kukulitsa mawonekedwe kuti muchepetse kwanuko kukana kutaya madzi. Kusintha kumeneku kwa njira yopanga kumathandizira kutulutsa zitsulo zachitseko Sinthani ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amadzimadzi komanso zofunikira zogwirira ntchito.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Ma Valve achitsulo achitsulo amatha kupangidwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera yaying'ono mpaka m'magawo akuluakulu. Mainchesi yaying'ono Ma Valve achitsulo achitsulo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati makina abwino a labotale kapena madzi amadzimadzi ochepa, Pomwe mainchesi akuluakulu amaponya mavalidwe achitsulo (monga maamwazi okhala ndi mainchesi angapo) akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito Mapulojekiti akuluakulu ophatikizika kapena mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito ma piperines ndi zochitika zina, zomwe zingakwaniritse zosowa za mitengo yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana komanso kukula kwa mapaipi.

Kubwezeretsanso ndi Kudzisintha

Yosavuta kukonza ndikusintha ziwalo

Kapangidwe ka valve wachitsulo wachitsulo ndi kosavuta, ndipo kulumikizana pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana ndiokonda. Pamene gawo la valavu yawonongeka, monga chipata chavala kapena chidindo cha valavu zawonongeka, magawo awa amatha kusokonezedwa ndikulowa m'malo mwa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, tsiku lililonse Kusamalira bizinesi ya mankhwala, ogwira ntchito kukonza amatha kuchotsa chipata chofewa ndi zida zosavuta, sinthani ndi chipata chatsopano ndikubwezeretsa, kuti valavu ibwererenso bwino Chepetsani zida zankhondo.

Olimba Olimba

o Ngati zofunikira zamapaipi a Piperine, monga kuponderezedwa kapena zotuluka, Valande yoponyedwa pachipata imatha kuzolowera ntchito zatsopano kudzera munjira zina zosintha. Wa Chitsanzo, tsinde la valavu imatha kulimbikitsidwa, kapena zinthu zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi zitha kusinthidwa Zofunikira kwambiri. Kuyendera kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti valavu yachipinda yachitsulo isinthe bwino kuzolowera Kupanga mapangidwe ndi ukadaulo waukadaulo wa bizinesi nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali.

Magwiridwe antchito amadzi

Makhalidwe

o Pamene valavu yachitsulo yotseguka ndi yotseguka kwathunthu, njira yake yoyenda ili pafupi, ndi madziwo Kukaniza kofanana ndi yaying'ono. Malinga ndi zoyeserera, pansi pa chitoliro chomwecho komanso Kuyenda mosiyanasiyana, Kuwonongeka kwa Matambo a Chipata Chachitseko kuli kotsika kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina mavuni monga mavesi oyimilira. Mwachitsanzo, m'mapaini amadzi, oyenda bwino (mtengo wa CV) wa kuponyedwa Mavavu achitsulo atatsegulidwa kuti akwaniritse bwino kwambiri, zomwe zingakwaniritse mayendedwe abwino a Kuyenda kwakukulu ndikuthandizira kukonza njira yoyendera mapaipi onse.

Magwiridwe antchito

o Ngakhale ma vals a pachipake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito potseguka bwino kapena otsekeka kwathunthu, dinani madontho achitsulo Komanso pangani gawo lina nthawi zina pomwe malamulo okwera amafunikira. Mwa kuwongolera kutsegulira Kutalika kwa chipata, ulamuliro wozungulira wamadzimadzi umatha kupezeka. Komabe, kulongosola kwake koyenera ndi motsika poyerekeza ndi mavuvu apadera monga mavesi a mpira kapena mavesi ovomerezeka. Mwa ena Njira za mafakitale omwe safuna makamaka kutentha kwambiri, monga madzi ozizira ozizira Kuwongolera, ponyani mavesi achitsulo kuti akwaniritse zosowa zofunika kwambiri.

Kukopa

Kukopa Kokhazikika

O chisindikizo pakati pa mpando wa valavu ndi chipata cha chipata choponya chipata chachitsulo ndicho fungulo. M'malo okhazikika, Kukonzekera kokhazikika kumatha kuchitika mwa kusankha koyenera kwa zida zosindikizira ndi kusindikiza kapangidwe kake, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mphete zopindika kukhosi ndi kututa kapena kuphatikiza kwachitsulo ndi kusindikiza kwachitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, mu bomba lotumiza mpweya, valavu yachitsulo yachitsulo imatha bwino Pewani kutaya kwa gasi mu boma lotsekedwa, ndipo magwiridwe ake osindikizira akhoza kufikira kwambiri, kukumana miyezo yotetezeka yokhazikika.

Magwiridwe antchito

O Chisindikizo pa tsinde la valavu ndilofunikanso. Ma Valve achitsulo achitsulo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zisindikizo zonyamula. Podzaza Ndi mapira osindikizira monga asbestos ndi graphite, ndikufananitsa ndi zida zowoneka bwino, imatha kupewa bwino kuti isaumitse chovala cha valavu pa kayendedwe ka valavu tsinde. Kutentha kwambiri ndi malo ogwirira ntchito kwambiri, kusankha koyenera kwa Makina owiritsa komanso osokoneza bongo onyamula katundu amatha kuonetsetsa kuti kusokonezeka kwamphamvu kwa chovala cha valavu. Mwachitsanzo, pa mapaipi ofunda kwambiri a mafuta oyeretsa mafuta, chidindo cha Stem Stem Valande yachitsulo yachitseko imatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.

Makina

Kukana kukakamizidwa

o Thupi la valavu ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu za valavu yachitsulo imatha kupirira zopanikizika kwambiri. Kudzera kapangidwe kake kapangidwe kapangidwe kazinthu, kuchuluka kwake kukana mphamvu kumatha kufikira kosiyanasiyana milingo yochokera ku zovuta zochepa (monga PN10) kupita kukakamiza (monga PNN420). Mukuyesa, kuponyedwa valavu yachitsulo imatha kukhala yokhazikika pazinthu zomwe zafotokozedwazo (monga 1.5 nthawi ya Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi) popanda kuwonekera kapena kutayikira. Kuzunza kumeneku kumathandizira kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito Mapaipi apapa mapaipi osiyanasiyana, monga kugulitsa kwa masitima am'madzi ndi Mapaipi a mafakitale.

Kukana kutentha

Onyengere zinthu zitsulo zimakhala ndi kutentha kwina. Nthawi zambiri, ponyani ma valve achitsulo imatha kugwira ntchito moyenera mu kutentha kwa - 29 ℃ - 425 ℃. Mu kutentha kwambiri madera, kusintha kwa Mphamvu zake ndizochepa, zomwe zingaonetsetse kuti valavu ya Varve. Wa Mwachitsanzo, m'mapaipi a mphamvu yamagetsi, kutentha kumakhala kokwera madigiri mazana. Valavu yoponyedwa pachipata imatha kuwongolera mayendedwe a nthunzi kutentha kwambiri, ndipo sadzatero Chifukwa zolephera chifukwa cha kufewetsa kapena kuchepa mphamvu za zinthuzo.

Makampani Opanga Mphamvu

Mafuta ndi mpweya ndi mayendedwe

o Pamiyala ya mafuta, kuponyera ma rinto pachipata chachitsulo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zothetseratu wa mafuta opanda pake ndi mpweya wachilengedwe. M'mapazi okwera, mapaipi amchenga osalala, amatha kupirira zopsinjika kwambiri ndi digiri ina ya abrasion kuti mafuta osayenera atulutsidwa bwino kuchokera ku mafuta mpaka kukonza. M'mapaipi achilengedwe, ponyani ma valve achitsulo achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mavavu odula, omwe angakhale Yotsekedwa mwachangu mudzidzidzi kuti mupewe kutayikira kwachilengedwe ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pakhale chitetezo.

Kulimba Mbadwo

o m'magetsi opangira mafuta, kuponyera ma valve achitsulo okonda kuphedwa m'matupi a Steam, madzi ozizira Mapaipi, ndi mapaipi amafuta. M'mapaipi a Steam, imayendetsa kuyenda kwa kutentha kwambiri ndipo Steive-Steat Streak kuti muyendetse mpiru wa Steam kuti mupange magetsi; mu ma piani ozizira, Amasintha madzi ozizira kuti atsimikizire kuzizira kwa jenereta; mu malasha kapena mafuta Mapaipi, amachita ngati valavu yowongolera kuti ikwaniritse mafuta.

Makampani Amakampani

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo oyendera madambo

o Poyendera mapaipi oyendera mapangidwe a raws, dist ma valve achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera Kuyenda kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala, monga ma asidi, alkali, mayankho amchere ndi mankhwala olengedwa. Pa zolowa ndi ma pichelines otulutsa zamankhwala, imatha kuwongolera molondola pitlet ndi malo otulutsa Zomwe zimachitika kuti zitsimikizire kuti mwasinthasintha. Mwachitsanzo, mu feteleza Kupanga njira, kuponyera ma valve achitsulo kuwongolera kuwongolera mayendedwe ndi njira ya Zopangira zopangira monga momwe amaliya ndi sulfuric acid.

Kusungirako zamankhwala ndikuyika ndikutsitsa

o Mu thanki yosungirako ya mankhwala, ponyani ma valve achitsulo amaikidwa pa itlet ndi ma piverlines ogulitsa kuti athetse katundu ndikutsitsa zinthu. Pamene Kutumiza ndi kutsitsa kwamadzimadzi amadzimadzi (monga methanol, ethylene glycol, etc.), Zitha kupirira kusiyana pakati pa tank galimoto ya tank ndi thanki yosungirako kuti muwonetsetse chitetezo ndi kulondola kwa zotumphukira ndikutsitsa.

Makampani ogulitsa madzi

Madzi a madzi osaphika ndi zokopa

o M'mbale yaiwisi yamadzi yaiwisi ya makina am'madzi, ponyani ma valve achitsulo Ankakonda kuwongolera chakudya chamadzi magwero amadzi monga mitsinje ndi nyanja. Mu gawo lobwezeretsa la Chomera chamadzi, monga kuphatikiza, kusuntha, kusefera ndi njira zina, kumawongolera Kuyenda kwamadzi pakati pa mayunitsi osiyanasiyana othandizira kuwonetsetsa kuti njira ya mankhwala.

Chithandizo cha chimbudzi ndi kubwezeretsanso

o Pochithandizo chomera, ponyani ma valve achitsulo achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kutuluka kwa chimbudzi chosiyanasiyana Maulalo othandizira (monga grille, akasinja ang'ono, akasinja a stotmentantation, etc.). Mu zobwezeretsera zobwezeretsanso njira, Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwongolera kugawa ndikugwiritsanso ntchito madzi obwezeredwanso, monga kubiriwira kwa urbani Kuthirira, mafakitale ozizira madzi, ndi zina zambiri.

Nyumba ndi injini zamagetsi

Kupanga Madzi Opatsa Madzi ndi Mankhwala Opatukana

o M'madzi ndi ngalande zamagetsi za nyumba, dist nthochi zachitsulo zikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zazikulu oletsa mavesi kuti ayang'anire madzi am'nyumba, madzi amoto, etc. mu dongosolo lamadzi la nyumba zokwera kwambiri, zitha kupirira kukakamiza kwina kuti mutsimikizire kukhazikika kwa madzi kuperekera. Mu Chitetezo cha Moto Madzi okwanira pazida zoteteza moto.

Madzi am'madzi ndi ngalande zotenthetsera

o Mu madzi opezeka mumzinda ndi ma net network, dinani ma valve achitsulo ojambula amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa zinyalala Kutulutsa kwamvula ndi kutolera madzi. Mu ma network ku ma network, imawongolera gawo ndipo Kufalikira kwa madzi otentha kuti azikhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi mabizinesi. M'tauni Nyama yophatikizidwa papaipi, ponyani mavesi a chitsulo chachitsulo ndi zida zofunikira pa mapaipi olamulira, zomwe zimathandizira kukonza ndi kasamalidwe ka mapaipi.

Kutsutsa kwabwino kwambiri

Kugonjera ku Trussion ndi Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Mankhwala

o Ma Valve achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri ali ndi zigawo za Chromium (CR) ndi Nickel (NI). Chromium imatha kupanga filimu yotsekemera ya chromium oxide pamwamba pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Filimuyi yatero Kutha kudziletsa ndipo kumatha kupewa bwino mpweya, madzi ndi makanema ena kuti asayanjane ndi Chitsulo chachitsulo, potero pewani kutulutsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, pamalo osungira madzi am'madzi okhala ndi chloride mayoni (Cl⁻), madontho osapanga dzinza pachipata cha pachipata cha pachipata amatha kukana ndi crevice kutunthidwa ndi chloride ma ion. Izi ndichifukwa choti zotukuka zake zapamwamba zimathandizira kuti zikhale zolekerera za chloride mayoni. Mu Makampani opanga zamankhwala, mavalidwe osapanga dzimbiri amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito posamalira asidi osiyanasiyana, alkali, ndi mchere mayankho. Mwachitsanzo, ma piipelines pofotokoza zowononga zachilengedwe monga Nitric acid ndi sodium Hydroxide, amatha kupitiliza kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

Chingwe cha Anti-Chilengedwe

o Mavesi osapanga dzimbiri akuwonetsa kutsutsana kosinthana ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana malo. M'maboma am'madzi am'madzi, sikuti dziwe limangokhala lamphamvu zazitsulo za kaboni wamba; m'maiko oyipitsidwa ndi mpweya wa asidi monga sulfure dioxide (so₂), imathanso kukhalabe kusalala kwa pamwamba komanso kukhulupirika kwa kapangidwe kake. Kutha kungakhale kotetezeka zachilengedwe Trussion imapangitsa chitseko chosapanga chitsulo chosapanga bwino kwambiri paulendo wakunja ndi masitepe a Pipe m'mitundu ya mafakitale.

Ukhondo ndi zabwino zoyeretsa

Malo osalala komanso osavuta kuyeretsa

o Fikani mtengo wotsika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti wapakatikati azisunga zinyalala ndi zodetsa mukamayenda mkati mwa valavu. Ndipo nthawi zina pomwe kuyeretsa ndikofunikira, monga chakudya ndi chakumwa Makampani, mawonekedwe ake osalala amatha kutsukidwa mosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, pamzere wa mkaka, Ma vande osapanga dzinza pachipata chingathetse zinthu zotsalazo mwachangu panthawi yoyeretsa pakati pa ma mita yopangira kuti asamwe kukula kwa bakiteriya ndi kuipitsidwa.

Kutsatira miyezo ya hygiene

o Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwa mankhwala komanso kusadzitchinjiriza kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mavalidwe achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri Kumanani ndi miyambo yaukhondo ya mafakitale monga chakudya ndi mankhwala. Pogwiritsa mankhwala, idzatero osamasula ma ions oyipa kapena zonyansa zina mu mankhwalawo, kuonetsetsa kuyera ndi mtundu wa mankhwalawa. Mu chiwongolero chamadzimadzi chamankhwala, monga maamwachi ochimwa kuchipatala ndi zida zolowetsedwa, ukhondo umagwira madontho osapanga dzimbiri ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri Kuonetsetsa kuti azichipatala.

Mawonekedwe ndi kulimba

Mapangidwe okongola okongola

o Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala ndi chotupa chachilengedwe. Pambuyo pa mankhwalawa monga kupukutira, Kuwoneka kwa mavalidwe achitsulo achitsulo ndi okongola komanso owolowa manja. Nthawi zina ndi zapamwamba Zofunikira pakuwoneka kwa zida, monga zakudya zamakono zamakono zamadzi, kupezeka kwa madzi ndi Makina am'mapiri okwera kwambiri, madontho osapanga dzimbiri amatha kukulitsa kukongola kwa onse dongosolo la mapaipi ndikugwirizanitsa ndi malo ozungulira.

Kukhazikika Kwakutali

o Kukhazikika kwa mavesi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri sikuwoneka kokha pakukana kwawo, komanso ku bata lawo lokhazikika pakakhala kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Pansi pa ntchito wamba, zosapanga dzimbiri Ma Valve achitsulo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri popanda kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito. Mwachitsanzo, mkati Madzi ndi njira yotayira nyumba, ma vande yopanda dzimbiri amatha kugwira ntchito modalirika mkati moyo wanyumbayo kwazaka makumi angapo pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa, kuchepetsa mavuto ndi mtengo wa Vomerezani Vesive pafupipafupi.

Magwiridwe antchito amadzi

Malangizo olondola olondola

o Ma Valve achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri amatha kuwongolera molondola nthawi zina pomwe mumayenda malamulo amafunikira. Kuyenda kwa mzere wa chipata chake kumatha kuchitika bwino kutuluka. Poyerekeza ndi ma valve achitsulo achitsulo, ma vanve wachitsulo pachipata amatha kukumana ndi amafunikira nthawi zina komwe kuyanja molondola kumafunikira, monga njira yolumikizira mankhwala kapena chida choyesera mu labotale. Mwachitsanzo, munthawi ya mankhwala Kupanga makampani opanga mankhwala, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumatha kuperekedwa molondola mwa kuwongolera molondola kuchuluka kwa chipata chosapanga dzinde.

Kutumiza Madzi Oyenera

o Potseguka kwathunthu, njira yoyenda pa chipata chosapanga dzimbiri sichinapangidwe komanso kukana kwamadzi ndikochepa. Kuyenda Kwake Kwake (mtengo wa CV) ndikofanana ndi zitsulo zoponyedwa valavu yachipapa komanso yabwinoko nthawi zina. M'mapaidzi obwera madzi mu chakudya ndi chakumwa Mafashoni, monga Nyengo Yopanga Bodgegel, Ma Valve achitsulo Kupereka zinthu zakumwa, onetsetsani kuti ntchito yopanga yopanga yopangira, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu Kuwonongeka kwa madzi ku valavu.

Kukopa

Kudalirika kwakukulu

o Kutsekeka kwa chipata chosapanga dzimbiri chachitsulo nthawi zambiri kumatengera ukadaulo wapamwamba ndi zida. Mwachitsanzo, zida zosindikizira kwambiri monga polytetrafluoro sothylene (ptfe) kapena kutsimikizika kutsimikizika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi zotupa komanso kukana kuwonongeka ndipo Onetsetsani kuti kusindikizidwa motentha ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana. Mu dongosolo la mapaipi Zida zophika kwambiri za chakudya, chisindikizo cha chipata chosapanga dzimbiri chingalepheretse Kuyika kwamphamvu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zidaliri ndi ntchito wamba.

Moyo Wosakhazikika

o Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwa zinthu zopanda masiteni ndi kukhazikika kwa zinthu zosindikizira, Kusanja magwiridwe antchito osapanga dzinde kumatha kukhala kokhazikika pakapita nthawi yayitali. Mu Dongosolo la Poptic Paipines of the Makonda opanga mankhwala, ntchito yake kusindikizidwa ikhoza kuonetsetsa kuti pambuyo pake Ntchito zotseguka komanso zotsekera, zimalepheretsa kulowa kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, Kupititsa ku moyo wosindikizira wa valavu, ndikuchepetsa pafupipafupi kukonza ndi kusinthidwa kwa Zisindikizo.