Mapulogalamu a Chipata Chofewa

Mu tsamba la Interricate Weltialict, mavuwa amafunikira oyang’anira madzi amadzimadzi, onetsetsani kuyang’anira pang’ono pang’onopang’ono njira zosiyanasiyana. Pakati pa nthawi ya valthora yamitundu ya valavu yopezeka, chipata chofewa Imakhala ngati yankho losiyanasiyana komanso lodalirika, kupereka zabwino zapadera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisankhidwe kwambiri – magawo osiyanasiyana opanga mafakitale. Monga kusiyanasiyana kwapadera pachipata, chipata chofewa zimapangitsa njira yosindikizidwa yokhazikika yopezera ntchito yolimbikitsira ntchito zina. Pakalipano, 1 1 2, ndi lingaliro lake lalikulu, nthawi zambiri limapeza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino limodzi ndi mavalo amoto.

Chithandizo cha madzi ndi zofewa za pachipata

M’mankhwala othandizira madzi ndi malonda ogulitsa, chipata chofewa amatenga gawo lofunikira. Panthawi yoyambirira yamadzimadzi, mavuvu amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azitha kuyendetsa madzi osaphika kukhala malo othandizira. Makina ofewa a chipata chofewa amawonetsetsa zotsekeka zolimba – zoletsa kutayika kulikonse kosafunikira komwe kungayimetse matendawa. Madzi amakumana ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, Makulidwe ofewa imayikidwa bwino kuyendetsa bwino pakati pa akasinja osiyanasiyana othandizira ndi njira. Kutha kwawo kupereka chisindikizo chodalirika ngakhale pamaso pa tinthu tambiri m’madzi kumathandizanso kukhalabe kukhulupirika kwa mankhwalawa. Madzi ogawa madzi, 1 1 2 Mu choyipa chofewa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mocheperako – mapaipi a mainchesi okhala ndi malo okhala komanso malonda. Mavesi awa amalola kuti madzi aziyenda bwino, ndikuonetsetsa kuti ndizosagwirizana ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kutayika kwa madzi chifukwa chotayika, chomwe ndi mwayi waukulu kuposa chikhalidwe Mavesi pachipata zomwe zitha kukhala ndi kusindikiza kochepera mu ntchito.

Kupanga mankhwala ndi zofewa pachipata

Makampani opanga mankhwala amafunikira mavavu omwe amatha kupirira madongosolo ankhanza komanso owononga, ndipo chipata chofewa imayamba kuvuta. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku asidi ndi alkalis kuti asungunuke, chidindo chofewa cha mavuvu amapatsanso kukana kwa mankhwala. Izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti valavu imakhalabe yogwira ntchito komanso kutayikira – kwaulere, kupewa kutulutsa kapena kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zina. Makulidwe ofewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa mabokosi a mankhwala panthawi yosakanikirana, kuchitira umboni, ndi njira zosungirako. Kusindikizidwa kwawo kodalirika kumathandizanso kukhalabe opanikizika mkati mwa masanjidwe opanga mankhwala, komwe ndikofunikira kuti kuwonongeka kwa mankhwalawa. A 1 1 2 Mu kapangidwe ka chisindikizo chofewa kumatha kupezeka kocheperako – zojambula zamagetsi kapena m’mizere yotsatsira, komwe kumawongolera kayendedwe ka mankhwala kokwanira. Poyerekeza ndi pafupipafupi Mavesi pachipata, Kusiyana kofewa kumapereka chitetezo chabwino ku kutayikira kwa mankhwala, kuteteza chilengedwe ndi ogwira ntchito omwe akukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala.

Mafuta ndi mpweya ndi chipata chofewa

Makampani a mafuta ndi gasi, yokhala ndi mtunda wake – kupanikizika komanso kuchuluka – kutentha kwa kutentha, komanso mapindu a chipata chofewa. M’mafuta oyenerera, mavuvu izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mayendedwe a mafuta osalala, zoyenga bwino, komanso mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza. Chisindikizo Chofewa cha chipata chofewa Zimathandizira kukhalabe ndi kukakamizidwa mkati mwa mapaipi ndi ziwiya, kupewa kutayika kulikonse kwa zinthu zosasunthika komanso zomwe zingakhalepo. Paulendo wamafuta ndi magawidwe, 1 1 2 M’makina ofewa amatha kupezeka pang’ono – mapaipi a diameter omwe amalumikizana ndi mafakitale. Ma Vals awa akuwonetsetsa chidindo chodalirika, kupewa kutayikira kwa mpweya zomwe zitha kupangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo chambiri. Pomwe ndi chikhalidwe Mavesi pachipata amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m’mafakitale a mafuta ndi gasi, chipata chofewa Amapereka mwayi wokulirapo, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito komwe kulepheretsa kuthawa zinthu zofunika kapena mpweya wowopsa ndikofunikira.

Mbadwo wa Mphamvu Ndi Chipata Chofewa Chofewa

M’mantha a m’mphepete mwa m’mphepete mwa mibadwo, ngakhale ali ndi mafuta, nyukiliya, kapena hydroelectric, chipata chofewa amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa makina. M’magetsi opanga mafuta, mavuvu izi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa mayendedwe a nthunzi, madzi, ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu boiler ndi ma turbine. Makina osindikizira ofewa amalimbikitsa chopindika – chotsani, kupewa kutayika kwa nthunzi kapena madzi, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti musunge mphamvu m’badwo wamphamvu. Mu hydrolectric magetsi opanga, Makulidwe ofewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera madzi m’matumba. A 1 1 2 Kukhazikika kofewa kumatha kupezeka kocheperako – mapaipi a diameter othandiza, monga kutentha kwamadzi

Chipata chofewa

Kodi chimapangitsa chipata chofewa chipata chofewa chimakhala choyenera kuchira madzi?

Chipata chofewa Ali bwino – oyenererana pamankhwala othandizira madzi chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo zazikulu. Katswiri wake wofewa amapereka cholumikizira – chotsani, kupewa kutaya kulikonse komwe kungayipitse madzi chithandizo chamadzi. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri ngati ndalama zochepa zomwe zimayambitsa zodetsa ndikusokoneza njira zoyeretsera. Valavu imatha kuthana ndi kupezeka kwa tinthu tating’onoting’ono m’madzi osasokoneza chipilala chake chisindikizo, ndikuwonetsetsa kukhulupirika kwa mankhwalawa. Kuphatikiza apo, mumadzi ogawa madzi, 1 1 2 Mu chosiyana chopanda chofufumitsa chimapereka chiwongolero cha madzi oyenda pang’ono – mapaipi awiri, amachepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi ofunikira. Kuyerekeza ndi zachikhalidwe Mavesi pachipata, kuthekera kopambana kwa chipata chofewa Zimapangitsa kuti zikhale chisankho chodalirika posamalira bwino bwino mankhwala ochizira madzi komanso njira zogawikira.

Kodi chipata chofewa chimawonjezera bwanji mankhwala osungira mankhwala?

Chipata chofewa Zimakuthandizani kwambiri kuti mutetezedwe pokonza mankhwala popewa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Zinthu zofewa zimapangidwa kuti zithetse mankhwala osiyanasiyana, kuonetsetsa kuti valavu imakhalabe yogwira ntchito komanso kutayikira – mfulu. Izi zimalepheretsa kutayika ndi kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zamankhwala, zomwe zitha kuwopsa kwambiri kumalo ndi antchito. Mwa kusunga chisindikizo cholimba, valavu imathandizira pakusunga kupsinjika mkati mwa zombo zokhazikika, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti mankhwalawa asinthe. M’magawo ang’onoang’ono – mawonekedwe a scale kapena mizere ya sapling komwe 1 1 2 Mu kapangidwe ka chidindo zofewa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kumapereka chiwongolero chokwanira champhamvu cha mankhwala, kulimbikitsa chitetezero popewa kusefukira kapena kumasula kosayembekezereka. Poyerekeza ndi pafupipafupi Mavesi pachipata, kuthekera kokulirapo kwa chipata chofewa Titetezeni bwino ku kutayikira kwa mankhwala, kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kuonetsetsa malo otetezeka m’makampani opangira mankhwala.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji chipata chofewa chimakopeka chimakondedwa ndi chakumwa?

Ma valve ofewa a Chipata amakondedwa pazakudya ndi chakumwa chopangidwa makamaka chifukwa cha ukhondo wawo – kapangidwe kake. Zida zofewa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mavuvu izi zimapangidwa kuchokera ku chakudya – zinthu zomwe sizikhala zopanda pake komanso zogwirizana ndi mfundo zoyeserera. Izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe chiopsezo choyipitsidwa ndi malonda panthawi yopanga, yomwe ndiyofunika kwambiri kuti ikhalebe ndi thanzi labwino ndi zakumwa. Katundu wawo wokhazikika – malo osindikizira amalepheretsa kutayika kulikonse komwe kungapangitse kuwonongeka kwa chinthu kapena kuwonongeka, kuteteza umphumphu wa zinthu zomaliza. A 1 1 2 Mu kafukufuku wofewa ndi wabwino kwambiri – mapaipi atatu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira ndikudzaza, pomwe kuwongolera kolondola kwa kuchuluka kwa mtengo ndikofunikira kuti muchite bwino. Mosiyana ndi pafupipafupi Mavesi pachipata, Kukopa Kosakhalitsa ndi Chakudya – Zipangizo zamagulu ofewa zimawapangitsa kuti azisankha bwino powonetsetsa zaukhondo komanso kukhulupirika kwa chakudya ndi chakumwa.

Kodi 1 1 2 Kodi valavu ya pachipata imabweretsa magetsi otani mafuta ndi mafuta?

1 1 2 Makina ofewa amapereka maubwino angapo ku malonda ndi mafuta. Mu zocheperako – mapaipi awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizidwa ndi mpweya wapakhomo komanso mafakitale, chisindikizo chake chofewa chimapangitsa kukhala wodalirika komanso kutayikira – kupulumuka kwa mpweya wowopsa komanso wofunikira. Izi ndizofunikira chitetezo, monga kutayikira kwa mpweya kumatha kubweretsa kuphulika kapena zoopsa. Zoyeretsa zamafuta, chidindo chofewa cha 1 1 2 Zimathandizanso kukhalabe opanikizika mkati mwa mapaipi ndi ziwiya, ndikuonetsetsa kuti mayendedwe osalala a mafuta, oyengedwa, ndi mankhwala. Popewa kutaya, kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zofunika. Poyerekeza ndi pafupipafupi Mavesi pachipata, kusiyanasiyana kofewa kumapereka mwayi wokulitsa chidindo chachikulu, makamaka kwambiri – kukwera kwamankhwala – kutentha kofunikira kwa malonda ndi mafuta ofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti ndi makina othandiza komanso oyenera.

Kodi Mavavu ofewa angalandire bwanji molimbika m’badwo wa polimba?

Chipata chofewa cha chipata chimalimbikitsa mphamvu ya mibadwo yambiri m’njira zingapo. M’magetsi opanga mafuta, amawongolera kutuluka kwa nthunzi, madzi, ndi mankhwala mu boiler ndi ma turbine njira. Makina awo owoneka ofewa amalimbikitsa kutsekedwa – kuchotsa, kuletsa kutayika kulikonse kwa nthunzi kapena madzi, omwe ndi ofunikira pakupanga magetsi mokwanira. Mwa kukhalabe ndi kukakamizidwa mkati mwa machitidwe, amathandizira kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa zida. Mu mphamvu ya hydrolectric magetsi, amayendetsa madzi m’matumba, kutsatsa mphamvu m’badwo. A 1 1 2 Mu kasinthidwe kofewa kokhazikika, mukamagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala othandiza monga kuzizira kwamadzi m’madzi, kumatsimikizira ntchito yodalirika popewa kutaya kwamadzi. Poyerekeza ndi pafupipafupi Mavesi pachipata, ntchito yabwinoko ya Makulidwe ofewa Kuchepetsa mphamvu zotayika ndi kukonza, pamapeto pake zimalimbikitsa mphamvu ndi kudalirika kwa zobzala mibadwo.